Linux 명령어
1. File Commands
1) ls
directory listing
2) ls -al
formatted listing with hidden files
3) cd dir
change directory to dir
4) cd
change to home
5) pwd
show current directory
6) mkdir dir
create a directory dir
7) rm file
delete file
8) rm -r dir
delete directory dir
9) rm -f file
force remove file
10) rm -rf dir
force remove directory dir
11) cp file1 file2
copy file1 to file2
12) cp -r dir1 dir2
copy dir1 to dir2 (create dir2 if it doesn’t exist)
13) mv file1 file2
rename or move file1 to file2 (if file2 is an existing directory, moves file1 into directory file2)
14) ln -s file link
create symbolic link link to file
15) touch file
create or update file
16) cat > file
places standard input into file
17) more file
output the contents of file
18) head file
output the first 10 lines of file
19) tail file
output the last 10 lines of file
20) tail -f file
output the contents of file as it grows, starting with the last 10 lines
2. Process Management
1) ps
display your currently active processes
2) top
display all running processes
3) kill pid
kill process id pid
4) killall proc
kill all processes named proc
5) bg
lists stopped or background jobs (resume a stopped job in the background)
6) fg
brings the most recent job to foreground
7) fg n
brings job n to the foreground
3. File Permissions
1) chmod octal file
change the permissions of file to octal, which can be found separately for user, group, and world by adding:
4: read (r)
2: write (w)
1: execute (x)
Examples:
chmod 777 – read, write, execute for all
chmod 755 – rwx for owner, rx for group and world
For more options, see man chmod
4. Searching
1) grep pattern files
search for pattern in files
2) grep -r pattern dir
search recursively for pattern in dir
3) command | grep pattern
search for pattern in the output of command
4) locate file
find all instances of file
5. Compression
1) tar cf file.tar files
create a tar named file.tar containing files
2) tar xf file.tar
extract the files from file.tar
3) tar czf file.tar.gz files
create a tar with Gzip compression
4) tar xzf file.tar.gz
extract a tar using Gzip
5) tar cjf file.tar.bz2
create a tar with Bzip2 compression
6) tar xjf file.tar.bz2
extract a tar using Bzip2
7) gzip file
compresses file and renames it to file.gz
8) gzip -d file.gz
decompresses file.gz back to file
6. Network
1) ping host
ping host and output results
2) whois domain
get whois information for domain
3) dig domain
get DNS information for domain
4) dig -x host
reverse lookup host
5) wget file
download file
6) wget -c file
continue a stopped download